Here’s what U.S. state and city pension funds are getting this year for the hundreds of millions of dollars in fees they’re forking over to hedge funds: almost nothing.

The investment pools gained 0.4 percent through November, putting them on pace for the worst year since 2011, according to data compiled by Bloomberg. The industry’s struggle was underscored over the past two months as BlackRock Inc., Fortress Investment Group and Bain Capital closed hedge funds after running up losses.

The low returns are dealing a setback to governments that boosted exposure to hedge funds, seeking windfalls to help close a $1.4 trillion shortfall that’s facing public-employee retirement systems nationwide. The investment funds have underperformed stocks since 2008 as share prices rallied and volatility whipsawed global financial markets.

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